Protein Disease Guide
This list provides an overview of major human diseases and the proteins that are crucial in their development and progression.
The proteins listed below are involved in various pathways and mechanisms that contribute to the diseases. Appropriate protein audios can be used to hinder the progression of these diseases.
Cancer
Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and proliferation. Different types of cancer involve different proteins, but some common ones are listed below:
Breast Cancer
HER2 (Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor 2)
Lung Cancer
EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor)
KRAS (Kirsten Rat Sarcoma viral oncogene)
ALK (Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase)
Colorectal Cancer
APC (Adenomatous Polyposis Coli)
DCC (Deleted in Colorectal Carcinoma)
Prostate Cancer
PTEN (Phosphatase and Tensin homolog)
Diabetes
Diabetes is a chronic condition characterized by high blood sugar levels. The two main types are Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, each involving different proteins:
Type 1 Diabetes
Insulin (produced by pancreatic beta cells)
GAD65 (Glutamate Decarboxylase 65)
Type 2 Diabetes
GLUT4 (Glucose Transporter Type 4)
PPARγ (Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma)
AMPK (AMP-Activated Protein Kinase)
Cardiovascular Diseases
Cardiovascular diseases encompass a range of conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels. Key proteins include:
Atherosclerosis
HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein)
Hypertension
ACE (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme)
Heart Failure
BNP (B-type Natriuretic Peptide)
Neurodegenerative Diseases
Neurodegenerative diseases involve the progressive degeneration of nerve cells. Major diseases include Alzheimer's and Parkinson's:
Alzheimer's Disease
Parkinson's Disease
Parkin (E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Parkin)
LRRK2 (Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2)
Infectious Diseases
Infectious diseases are caused by pathogenic microorganisms. Major infectious diseases include:
HIV/AIDS
gp120 (Envelope glycoprotein 120)
gp41 (Envelope glycoprotein 41)
Rev (Regulator of Viral Expression)
Tuberculosis
ESAT-6 (Early Secreted Antigenic Target 6 kDa)
CFP-10 (Culture Filtrate Protein 10 kDa)
Malaria
CSP (Circumsporozoite Protein)
MSP1 (Merozoite Surface Protein 1)
PfEMP1 (Plasmodium falciparum Erythrocyte Membrane Protein 1)
AMA1 (Apical Membrane Antigen 1)
Autoimmune Diseases
Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system attacks the body's own tissues. Key diseases and associated proteins include:
Rheumatoid Arthritis
TNFα (Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha)
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Metabolic Disorders
Metabolic disorders affect the body's ability to process certain substances. Major disorders include:
Hypercholesterolemia
LDLR (Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor)
PCSK9 (Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9)
HMGCR (3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Reductase)
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
PAH (Phenylalanine Hydroxylase)
Aging
As we age, age-related conditions become prevalent among the population. These issues include:
Presbyopia (Long Sightedness)
CRYAA (Alpha-crystallin A chain)
CRYAB (Alpha-crystallin B chain)
MIP (Major intrinsic protein, also known as Aquaporin-0)
LOXL1 (Lysyl oxidase homolog 1)
